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Pre-Scientific Anthropology: Early human understanding of society and culture, primarily through myths, legends, and observations.

Cultural Relativism: The idea that cultures should be understood and evaluated based on their own values and context, rather than through the lens of another culture.

Ethnocentrism: The belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others, often leading to misinterpretation or bias.

Fieldwork: The process by which anthropologists gather data by living and working with the people they are studying.

Biocultural Approach: The study of the interaction between biology and culture in shaping human behavior and development.

Holistic Approach: A perspective in anthropology that aims to understand the whole of human experience by considering cultural, biological, historical, and linguistic factors.

Ethnography: A research method used in anthropology to study cultures through direct observation and participation.

Culture: The beliefs, customs, practices, and social behaviors that define a society or group.

Anthropology: The scientific study of humans, their behavior, culture, societies, and biological and physical characteristics across time and space.