Religious Institutions – Temples, priesthoods, and rituals that played a central role in Bronze Age societies.
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Fortifications
Fortifications – Defensive structures built to protect Bronze Age cities, including walls, gates, and towers.
Social Stratification
Social Stratification – The division of society into hierarchical classes, such as rulers, warriors, artisans, and peasants.
Bronze Casting
Bronze Casting – A process of pouring molten bronze into molds to create weapons, tools, and artistic objects.
Sea Peoples
Sea Peoples – Mysterious groups that attacked and contributed to the decline of Bronze Age Mediterranean civilizations.
Collapse of Bronze Age Civilizations
Collapse of Bronze Age Civilizations – A period of widespread societal collapse around 1200 BCE, possibly due to war, climate change, and economic disruptions.
Chariot Warfare
Chariot Warfare – A form of combat in which chariots, pulled by horses, were used for mobility and battle advantage.
Hittites – A Bronze Age Indo-European people known for their advanced use of iron weapons before the Iron Age.
Trade Networks
Trade Networks – The exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies between Bronze Age civilizations, such as the Silk Road and maritime trade routes.
Shang Dynasty
Shang Dynasty – The first historically confirmed dynasty of China, known for bronze casting and early Chinese writing.