Month: July 2025

TEMPERATURE OF STARS – A key factor in classifying stars, with O-type stars being the hottest and M-type stars the coolest.

HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM – A graphical representation of stars based on their luminosity and temperature, helping categorize them by spectral type and class.

SPECTRAL LINE – A feature in a star’s spectrum caused by absorption or emission of light at specific wavelengths.

WHITE DWARFS – The remnants of medium to low-mass stars, classified as luminosity class V.

GIANTS – Stars that have expanded after exhausting the hydrogen in their cores, classified as luminosity class III.

SUPERGIANTS – Stars that are much larger and more luminous than main sequence stars, classified as luminosity class I.

MAIN SEQUENCE – The band on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram where most stars, including the Sun, are found during their stable phase of hydrogen fusion.

LUMINOSITY CLASS – A classification system that ranks stars according to their luminosity, ranging from supergiants (I) to white dwarfs (V).

M-TYPE STARS – The coolest stars, with surface temperatures below 3,500 K, often appearing red.