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NEUTRON STAR: A highly dense remnant of a massive star that has exploded in a supernova, consisting primarily of neutrons.

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PULSAR: A rotating neutron star that emits beams of radiation, typically observed as regular pulses of radio waves.

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NEUTRON STARS AND PULSARS

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ENERGY RELEASE: A supernova releases an enormous amount of energy, briefly outshining an entire galaxy.

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PULSAR FORMATION: A rotating neutron star that emits beams of radiation, often formed from the collapse of a massive star in a supernova explosion.

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MASSIVE STAR DEATH: The death of a massive star, typically resulting in a Type II supernova, leaving behind a remnant such as a neutron star or black hole.

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TYPE IA SUPERNOVA AS STANDARD CANDLE: Type Ia supernovae are used as standard candles due to their predictable luminosity, allowing astronomers to measure cosmic distances.

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SUPERNOVA NUCLEOSYNTHESIS: The process by which heavy elements, such as gold and uranium, are formed during the explosion of a supernova.

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LIGHT CURVE: The graph showing the brightness of a supernova over time, typically showing a rapid increase followed by a gradual decline.

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SHOCK WAVE: The powerful wave of energy that radiates outward from the explosion of a supernova, impacting the surrounding gas and dust.