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THE SOLAR WIND AND SPACE WEATHER

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ENERGY RELEASE – The amount of energy released by the Sun in the form of radiation, heating the solar system.

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TURBULENCE – The chaotic movement of plasma in the convective zone, contributing to the Sun’s overall heat transfer.

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SUN’S ENERGY BALANCE – The equilibrium between the energy the Sun produces through fusion and the energy it radiates into space.

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CONVECTION CELLS – Large-scale circulation patterns in the Sun’s convective zone that transfer heat from the interior to the surface.

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RADIATIVE DIFFUSION – The slow process by which photons are absorbed and re-emitted by particles, transferring energy through the Sun’s radiative zone.

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GAMMA RAYS – High-energy photons produced during nuclear fusion reactions in the Sun’s core.

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SOLAR NEUTRINOS – Nearly massless particles produced in the Sun’s core during nuclear fusion, detected on Earth to study the Sun’s energy production.

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GRAVITATIONAL CONTRACTION – The process by which a star generates energy through the gradual shrinking of its core, contributing to its heat before nuclear fusion begins.

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HELIUM BURNING – The process in which helium nuclei fuse to form heavier elements, which occurs in stars more massive than the Sun during later stages of their life cycle.