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PEER REVIEW
The process of evaluating scientific work by experts before publication.

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EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Data collected through observation and experimentation.

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FALSIFIABILITY
The principle that scientific statements must be testable and capable of being proven wrong.

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EXPERIMENT
A controlled test designed to support or refute a hypothesis.

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OBSERVATION
The act of collecting data from natural occurrences or controlled experiments.

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LAW
A mathematical or descriptive statement that reliably predicts natural phenomena.

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THEORY
A well-supported explanation of natural phenomena based on repeated experimentation and observations.

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HYPOTHESIS
A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon, subject to testing.

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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A systematic approach to investigation involving observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and theory development.

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The Scientific Method in Astronomy